Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, boasts a rich Islamic heritage with historic mosques dating back to medieval times, including the 12th-century Bibi-Heybat Mosque and the Juma Mosque in the Old City. The city's Islamic architecture reflects a unique blend of Persian, Turkish, and local Azerbaijani influences, featuring intricate tilework and traditional Islamic geometric patterns. As the spiritual center of Azerbaijan's predominantly Shia Muslim population, Baku continues to be a hub of Islamic culture and learning in the Caucasus region.